EVALUER LA VULNERABILITE URBAINE FACE AUX RISQUES ISSUS DES COURS D’EAU. CAS DE LA VILLE DE BEJAIA
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Date
2025-05-28
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University of M'Sila
Abstract
This work is intended as a contribution to research on the vulnerability of urban environments to risk phenomena. It is a contribution to the study of terrestrial hydrological risks in the urban area of Bejaïa and a tribute to the use of the systemic and global approach in analysis.
The town of Bejaïa, which is characterized by its hydrological density, is exposed to risks from surface water streams. This is evident in the disasters and hazards that occur in this city every year or several times a year. If the most dangerous phenomenon is floods, wet slips, and erosions, which are not absent where they have been counted to date, several cases of this phenomenon have occurred. Added to that, and as otherwise, the presence of surface water can constitute a health and/or ecological hazard that occurs as a result of the degradation of these waters. In this regard, records cases of WBD and environmental degradation affecting its hydrology and hydrography.
The working method is based on the systems analysis approach. It is an approach that involves a comprehensive and integrated vulnerability analysis. It is a policy to study all factors of vulnerability, considering the interactions that occur between these elements and how they influence vulnerability. It is developed by using several methods recognized in the field. This has allowed us to build up effective dashboards or grids of indicators of vulnerability to risks from watercourses that we have spatialized on the territory studied.
The main objective of this manuscript is to build a GIS-indicators model of anthropogenic and natural urban components responsible for the vulnerability of the study area to the risks taken into account. This will serve to identify vulnerability to adapt and facilitate possible future interventions on terrestrial hydrological hazards. This model has been careful to be adaptable to all urban sectors that may have to intervene on dangerous phenomena, since it involves different urban areas.
The results obtained from this work show physical and moral human failures that influence natural hazards to increase the exposure of the city and its populations to risks from surface water courses. With good management and preparation of populations, urban vulnerability is expected to decrease; however, it cannot be permanently avoided or eliminated, because zero risk does not exist in a space where the hazard is present. In this context, we also found that hazard is the main factor of risk and that the rest of the anthropogenic elements only orient this hazard to accentuate or decrease vulnerability