Biochemistry
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Date
2026-02-10
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Université Mohamed Boudiaf - M’sila
Abstract
A comprehensive and prioritized assessment of renal function, trace elements, vitamins, and hormones are
essential for maintaining physiological balance and preventing disease. Each of these areas contributes
uniquely and critically to human health.
Renal function assessment—using markers such as serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration
rate (eGFR)—is fundamental for detecting early kidney dysfunction, such as in chronic kidney disease
(CKD). More specialized tests like renal imaging or biopsy may be needed to identify structural
abnormalities or glomerular damage.
Trace elements, though required in minute amounts, play pivotal roles in enzymatic activity and cellular
function. For instance, zinc deficiency can impair immune function and wound healing, while excess iron
can lead to conditions like hemochromatosis, affecting the liver, heart, and pancreas.
Vitamins are essential for countless biological processes. A deficiency in vitamin D can result in
osteomalacia or rickets, compromising bone health, while vitamin B12 deficiency can cause megaloblastic
anemia and neurological disturbances. These examples highlight how vital adequate vitamin levels are to
tissue repair, immunity, and metabolic health.
Hormones regulate nearly every body system, and even slight imbalances can have widespread
consequences. For example, reduced thyroid hormone levels (hypothyroidism) can cause fatigue, weight
gain, and depression, while excessive cortisol production (as in Cushing’s syndrome) may lead to
hypertension, diabetes, and immune suppression.
In conclusion, the interconnected nature of these systems underscores the importance of a
multidisciplinary approach to clinical evaluation. Timely and targeted assessments of renal markers, trace
elements, vitamins, and hormones not only aid in early diagnosis but also enhance treatment outcomes
and long-term patient care.