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Item Open Access البعد الإفريقي في التوجهات الجدیدة للسياسة الخارجية الجزا ئرية(جامعة المسيلة, 2024) عبدلي إبر ا هيم - یوسفي سميرتتناول هذه الد ا رسة تحليل البعد الإفريقي في التوجهات الجدیدة للسياسة الخارجية الج ا زئرية، في ظل التحولات السياسية والأمنية الإقليمية والدولية بعد عام 2020 . تسعى الج ا زئر إلى استعادة دورها الريادي في القارة الإفريقية من خلال سياسة خارجية نشطة واستباقية، ترتكز على مبادئ ثابتة كالسيادة الوطنية، حق تقرير المصير، وعدم التدخل في الشؤون الداخلية للدول. ركز البحث على د ا رسة الم ا رحل التاريخية لتطور السياسة الخارجية الج ا زئرية، والعوامل الداخلية والخارجية التي أثرت في توجيهها. كما أبرز التحول في رؤية القيادة الجدیدة بقيا دة الرئيس عبد المجيد تبون نحو الانخ ا رط الفاعل في محيطها الإفريقي، عبر الأبعاد الأمنية، السياسية، والتنموية. خلصت الد ا رسة إلى أن الج ا زئر، رغم حفاظها على ثوابتها الدبلوماسية، تسعى اليوم إلى إعادة تموقعها كقوة إقليمية مؤثرة في إفريقيا، من خلال توسيع أدواتها الدبلوماسية وتعزيز حضورها الاقتصادي والأمني في القارةItem Open Access الإدارة الإلكترونية في الجزائرية بين الواقع والنص(جامعة محمد بوضياف المسيلة, 2025) بوزيدي عيسىThis study explores e-administration in Algeria as a tool to transform the public sector and reform the administration in the context of rapid global digital changes. The study uses conceptual and analytical approach, examining theoretical texts and legal frameworks without the use of empirical procedures. It introduces the term e-administration, places it in perspective with other associated terms like e-government and digital transformation, and explores its development in Algeria in four phases. It analyzes national action and challenges such as infrastructure limitations, coordination deficiencies, and training deficits. It concludes that despite significant progress, Algeria is faced with structural limitations and recommends renewing legislation, digital training, improved infrastructure, and increased public-private cooperationItem Open Access وسائل إثبات الجريمة المعموماتية في التشريع الجزائري(جامعة محمد بوضياف المسيلة, 2025) قعنب أمينة لمين صبرينةAbstract The world is witnessing great progress in the field of information and communications, with which countries are accelerating the use of technology in all fields, and as much as the development of technologies achieves great benefits in the field of advancement and human progress, at the same time it has paved the way for the emergence of new forms of crimes. This new type of cybercrime has become committed in an unrecognized virtual medium, and does not resemble the traditionalmedium of traditional crimes, where the criminal found high technology and modern methods that help him commit many crimes withoutleaving a clear trace of those crimes. We have chosen this topic because of its great importance, the mire electronic means develop, the more the method of committing this type of crimes develops, and this is what constituted an obstacle for those in charge research and proof of electronic crimes, as the rules of research and investigation and the foundations of criminal evidence in traditional laws are not enough, but this type of crime needs to develop new legislation that suits its technical nature. For all that, I saw shedding light on this topic through: the definition of cybercrime and means of proving it, shedding light on the procedures for searching and discovering digital evidence in cybercrimes, and finally the admissibility of digital evidence before criminal judges. Keywords: cybercrime, digital evidence, criminal judge, criminal evidence, means of proving cybercrime.Item Open Access الأمن الصحي كإطار تحليلي للتفاعلات الدولية: إدارة أزمة جائحة كوفيد- 19 وتأثيرها على النظام العالمي 2020-2023(جامعة المسيلة, 2025) مكي أسامةتهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحليل الدور المحوري للأمن الصحي في إعادة تشكيل التفاعلات الدولية بعد جائحة كوفيد- 19 ، مع التركيز على الفترة 2020 - 2023 . تتناول الدراسة كيف أثرت الجائحة على مفاهيم السيادة الوطنية، وكشفت عن إشكاليات التعاون الدولي في مواجهة التهديدات الصحية العابرة للحدود، وأدت إلى تنامي ظاهرة الدبلوماسية الطبية واللقاحية كأداة لنفوذ القوى العظمى، مع تأثيرها على موازين القوة العالمية وبروز أدوار جديدة للصين وتراجع نسبي للدور الغربي . تعتمد المذكرة على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي ودراسة الحالة، مستفيدة من نظريات العلاقات الدولية الكبرى )الواقعية، الليبرالية، البنائية( لتأطير تحليلها لتطور مفهوم الأمن الصحي وأبعاده الثلاثة )البيولوجي، الإنساني، الجيوسياس ي(. تبرز الدراسة كيف تحولت الصحة من مجرد قضية محلية إلى عامل جيوسياس ي استراتيجي، مما فضح هشاشة الحوكمة الصحية العالمية وفشل المؤسسات الدولية في بعض الأحيان، بسبب هيمنة الاعتبارات السياسية والمصالح القومية على القرارات الصحية. كما تسلط الضوء على الصراع على الموارد الصحية، خاصة اللقاحات، مما عزز القطبية الثنائية )الصين والغرب( وأسهم في ظهور تحالفات جديدة . خلصت الدراسة إلى أن جائحة كوفيد- 19 لم تكن مجرد أزمة صحية عابرة، بل كانت محف زا جيوسياسيا أعاد تعريف مفاهيم الأمن والسيادة والتعاون والصراع في العلاقات الدولية. تقدم الدراسة توصيات لتعزيز الحوكمة الصحية العالمية والتعاون الإقليمي، وتستشرف مستقبلا لنظام دولي متعدد الأقطاب حيث يتزايد تأثير "القوة البيولوجية" والفواعل غير التقليديةItem Open Access استراتيجية رقمنة العمليات الادارية في البلدية بلدية الهامل أنموذجا 2013/2023(جامعة المسيلة, 2025) حمزة بونيففي ظل التطور التكنولوجي المتسارع، في تحسين جودة الخدمات العامة ورفع كفاءة ً حاسما ً أصبحت الرقمنة عاملا الإدارة المحلية. في تقديم الخدمات للمواطنين ً محوريا ً وتلعب البلديات دورا ، مما يجعل تحويل عملياتها الإدارية إلى نمط رقمي ضرورة ملحة لمواكبة متطلبات العصر، فأصبحت رقمنة العمليات الإدارية في البلدية خطوة أساسية نحو تحقيق حكومة ذكية تواكب التطور العالمي. وعلى الرغم من التحديات، فإن فوائدها على المدى الطويل تفوق بكثير التكاليف الأولية، لتحسين جودة الحياة وضمان إدارة بلدية فعالة وشفاف ً ضروريا ً مما يجعلها استثمارا ، من خلال تبني استراتيجية مدروسة وتعاون بين القطاعين العام والخاص، يمكن للبلديات أن تتحو ل إلى نموذج رقمي متكامل يلبي تطلعات المواطنين في عصر التحول الرقمي . هدفت الدراس ة إلى بيان الرقمنة وتحسين أداء جودة الخدمة في البلديات، وقد تناولت الدراسة أهمية التحول الرقمي كجزء من الثورة التقنية والتكنولوجية في إطار الحكومة الالكترونية ، وقد بينت الدراسة أهمية التحول الرقمي في تطور مؤسسات الدولة بشكل عام والبلديات بشكل خاص، وقد أبرزت الدراسة ركائز التحول الرقمي والتحديات التي تحول دون تطبيقه في البلديات. واعتمدت الدراسة على مقاربة المنهج الوصفي والتحليلي والذي من خلاله تم توضيح التحول الرقمي ودور في تحسين أداء البلديات في الجزائر باعتبار أن التحول الرقمي من الظواهر الحديثة التي ساهمت في تطور اداء المؤسسات. وتوصلت الدراسة إلى مجموعة من التوصيات والنتائج حيث أكدت الدراسة أهمية التحول الرقمي في عمل البلديات لأنه يسهم في تسريع وتقدم أفضل الإعمال والخدمات للمجتمعات المحلية. وقد أوصت الدراسة بضرورة التحول الرقمي في عمل البلديات لأنه يسهم في تسريع وتقدم أفضل الإعمال والخدمات للمجتمعات المحليةItem Open Access استراتيجية رقمنة العمليات الادارية في البلدية2013 /2023/ بلدية الهامل أنموذجا(جامعة المسيلة, 2025) حمزة بونيفAbstract: With rapid technological development, digitalization has become a crucial factor in improving the quality of public services and strengthening the efficiency of local government. Municipalities play a vital role in providing services to citizens, making the digitalization of their administrative processes an urgent necessity to keep pace with modern demands. The digitalization of municipal administrative processes has become a fundamental step towards establishing a smart government that keeps pace with global developments. Despite the challenges, its long-term benefits far outweigh the initial costs, making it a necessary investment to improve quality of life and ensure efficient and transparent municipal governance. By adopting a well-thought-out strategy and collaboration between the public and private sectors, municipalities can transform into an integrated digital model that meets citizens' aspirations in the era of digital transformation. The study aimed to demonstrate digitalization and improve service quality performance in municipalities. The study addressed the importance of digital transformation as part of the technical and technological revolution in the context of e-government. The study demonstrated the importance of digital transformation in the development of state institutions in general and municipalities in particular. The study highlighted the pillars of digital transformation and the challenges that hinder its implementation in municipalities. The study adopted a descriptive and analytical approach, through which digital transformation and its role in improving the performance of municipalities in Algeria were clarified, given that digital transformation is a modern phenomenon that has contributed to the development of institutional performance. The study produced a set of recommendations and conclusions, highlighting the importance of digital transformation in municipal operations as it contributes to accelerating and delivering better services to local communities. The study recommended the need for digital transformation in municipal operations as it contributes to accelerating and delivering better services to local communities.Item Open Access دور التحول الرقمي في تحسين أداء الادارة الجزائرية(جامعة المسيلة, 2025) شراك فاطمة الزهراءThe study aimed to highlight the role of digital transformation in improving the performance of the Algerian administration, through a field study conducted at the Specialized Hospital in Gynecology and Obstetrics "Slimane Amirat" in M'sila. The research was applied to a random sample consisting of 35 employees at the same hospital. The descriptive-analytical method was adopted, relying on observation and a questionnaire as the main research tools. The study reached several findings, the most important of which is that digital transformation at Slimane Amirat Hospital enhances functional performance through an effective digital infrastructure, high digital competence among employees, and digital administrative procedures that simplify tasks. It also contributes to speeding up decision- making, improving the quality of services, and increasing flexibility—while emphasizing the need to strengthen continuous training.Item Open Access الادارة الالكترونية ودورها في تحسين الخدمة العمومية في الجزائر دراسة حالة بلدية المسيلة 2025-2021(جامعة المسيلة, 2025) شلالي موسىThe study aimed to demonstrate the role of e-administration in improving public service through a field study in the municipality of M'sila, where the questionnaire tool was used as a tool to collect primary data for the study on a sample consisting of 34 employees. The study reached several results, including: the municipality of M'sila is implementing e-administration to a high degree in its dimensions (technological, security, human), and that the public service in the municipality is characterized by a high degree of quality, in addition to the existence of a positive impact of eadministration in its three dimensions (technological, security, human) on public service in the municipality of M'sila.Item Open Access دور البلدية في تسيير المطعم المدرسي في الجزائر دراسة حالة – بلدية المعاضيد بالمسيلة 2024-2018(جامعة المسيلة, 2025) زيتوني عليThis research aims to highlight the role of local authorities, This research aims to highlight the role of local authorities, represented by municipalities, in improving essential social services, primarily primary schools and their canteens. The management of these canteens has now become a full responsibility of the municipalities. One of the most significant challenges they face is improving the school meal, which positively impacts school enrollment rates and helps combat negative phenomena such as school dropout. The study seeks to analyze and evaluate the actual roles played by the municipality, using the Al-Ma'adhid Municipality as a case study, in managing the school canteen during the period (2018-2024). It also aims to identify the key efforts undertaken by the municipality in managing school canteens and the difficulties it encounters in this areaItem Open Access دور الادارةالالكترونية في تحسين اداء العاملين دراسة حالة بلدية عين الخضراء بالمسيلة 2024-2023(جامعة المسيلة, 2025) مخلوف كريمةThe study aimed to identify the role of digitization in improving the quality of employee performance: A field study conducted at the Municipality of Ain El-Khadra in M'sila Province. The study was based on a sample of 72 individuals, employing a descriptive approach for the theoretical part. A questionnaire was used to collect data in the practical part, and the SPSS program was utilized for data analysis. Among the most significant findings was the existence of a statistically significant effect of digitization on the quality of employee performance at the Municipality of Ain El-Khadra in M'sila Province, at a significance level of (α ≤ 0.05). Additionally, the study confirmed a statistically significant impact of various dimensions of digitization (computers and their accessories, software and its components, and networks) on improving employee performance quality, also at the (α ≤ 0.05) levelItem Open Access دور الاحزاب السياسية في رسم السياسة العامة في الجزائر(1999-2019 ) حزب التجمع الوطني الديمقراطي –نموذجا-(جامعة المسيلة, 2025) لقراب نعيمةThis study aims to analyze the role of political parties in shaping public policy in Algeria during the period from 1999 to 2019, using the National Democratic Rally (RND) as a case study to understand the mechanisms of party influence on policymaking. The research is divided into two main chapters: The first chapter provides the theoretical framework, introducing and clarifying the key concepts relevant to the study, including political parties—their roles, types, and functions—as well as the concept of public policy, its characteristics, and the stages involved in its formulation. The second chapter focuses on the mechanisms through which political parties influence public policy in Algeria, with a particular emphasis on the experience of the National Democratic Rally (RND). It explores the party’s political trajectory, its institutional presence, and its contribution to the formulation of public policies, especially within the context of political alliances and its position in power during the study period. The study concludes that despite the constitutional powers granted to political parties in Algeria, they continue to face significant structural and political challenges that limit their effective participation in public policy-making. The National Democratic Rally represents a model of a party closely aligned with decision-making circles, which allowed it to play an influential role, though often within a constrained framework shaped by political considerations and situational alliances.Item Open Access الادارة الالكترونية في الجزائر بين الواقع والنص(جامعة المسيلة, 2025) بوزيدي عيسىاإلدارة اإللكترونية في الجزائر آلية لتحديث المرفق العام وتحقيق اإلصالح اإلداري في ظل التحوالت الرقمية المتسارعة على الصعيد الدولي. مبني على منهج تحليلي يستند إلى األدبيات النظرية والتشريعات، وهو غير مرتبط بتolvimento أدوات ميدانية. سلم إلى اإلطار المفاهيمي لإلدارة اإللكترونية، ومقارنتها بمفاهيم قريبة منها مثل الحكومة اإللكترونية والتحول الرقمي. كما استعرض البحث تطور اإلدارة اإللكترونية في الجزائر عبر أربع مراحل، مع تحليل المشاريع الوطنية وأبرز التحديات، مثل ضعف البنية التحتية ونقص التنسيق البيني وقصور التك وين. خلصت الد ارسة إلى أن الج ازئر قطعت أشوا ًطا مهمة لكنها ما تزال تواجه تحديات هيكلية، وقدمت توصيات في مقدمتها تطوير التشريعات، دعم التكوين، تحسين البنية التحتية، وتعزيز الشراكة مع القطاع الخاص. الكلمات المفتاحية: اإلدارة اإللكترونية، التحول الرقمي، الحكومة الذكية، تحديث المرفق العام، التشريعات الرقمية.Item Open Access دور الادارة الالكترونية في ترشيد الخدمة العمومية دراسة ميدانية ببلدية بن سرور(جامعة المسيلة, 2025) -خضار سعيدتهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تسلیط الضوء على دور الإدارة الإلكترونیة في ترشید الخدمة العمومیة، من خلال دراسة میدانیة على مستوى بلدیة بن سرور، وقد تناولت الدراسة الإطار المفاهیمي للإدارة الإلكترونیة، مكوناتها، ومجالات تطبیقها، مع التركیز على التحدیات والصعوبات التي تواجه هذا التحول في البیئة الإداریة الجزائریة، أظهرت النتائج أن الإدارة الإلكترونیة تساهم بشكل ملموس في تحسین جودة الخدمات، جزئی ویواجه عدة معوقات، من بینها نقص ً تسریع الإجراءات، وتقلیص التكالیف، غیر أن تطبیقها لا یزال ا التجهیزات والتكوین وغیاب التنسیق، و أوصت الدراسة بضرورة توفیر البنیة التحتیة الملائمة، تأهیل الموارد البشریة، وتحسین الإطار التشریعي بما یتماشى مع متطلبات العصر الرقمي، كما اقترحت توسیع الدراسة ً مستقبلا لتشمل نماذج بلدیات أخرى قصد المقارنة واستقراء أفضل الممارساتItem Open Access أثر الرقمنة على مهام مدير المدرسة الابتدائي ة مدراء مدارس بلدية المسيلة 2022-2018(جامعة المسيلة, 2025) القطعة إسماعيلThe study dealt with the topic of the impact of digitization on the tasks of the Headmaster primary school, and the study question was centered on what is the impact of digitization on the tasks of the primary school principal? This study employed the descriptive method that allows the researcher to collect, describe and analyze as many facts and information as possible, and its tools were observation and questionnaire in addition to the qualitative and quantitative analysis methods, and the study community consisted of 40 Headmasters of primary schools in Msila municipality. The study found that the study variables have a role in the impact of digitization on the index of the Headmasters job tasks, and given the theoretical framework that indicates that the requirements of the digitization process within the school educational space have a role in transferring the principal's performance from the traditional method to the digital state in addition to those conditions that contributed to the spread of social media, all these factors led to reduce costs and gain time, which contributed to the development of the principal's performance through the application and activation of school digitization tools in his various job tasks within the primary school.Item Open Access أثر الإدارة الإلكترونیة في تحسین الأداء المؤسسي د ا رسة میدانیة بمتوسطة الحسن ابن الهیثم وابتدائیة جدي الدیلمي بالمسیلة 2024 202 -(جامعة المسيلة, 2025) حسیبة سعوديThe study aimed to demonstrate the impact of e-management on institutional performance in educational institutions, through a field study at Jaddi Al- Daylami School and Al-Hassan Ibn Al-Haitham Intermediate School in M'sila department, where the descriptive approach and questionnaire tool were relied upon to collect study data on a sample consisting of (48) individuals. The study reached several results, including: The educational institutions, the study sample in M'sila department, apply e-management to a very high degree, and their performance is characterized by high quality, in addition to the existence of a positive impact of emanagement on institutional performance in the educational institutions, the study sample in M'sila departmentItem Open Access الأبعاد الأنطولوجية لأسباب الحروب في منظو ا رت العلاقات الدولية(جامعة المسيلة, 2025) كمال بوغرا بThis study explores the topic of "The Ontological Dimensions of the Causes of War in International Relations Perspectives", aiming to understand how deep philosophical conceptions of reality, agency, and the international system shape the major theoretical interpretations of war. The research began with a central question that interrogates the ontological foundations underlying both positivist and post-positivist theories, by analyzing how concepts such as the state, power, violence, and identity are constructed within each perspective. The study demonstrates that the divergence in explanations of war stems from fundamental ontological differences regarding "what the world is" and "what makes war possible." Through three interconnected chapters, moving from conceptual grounding to theoretical analysis, the dissertation illustrates how each theory generates causes of war consistent with its unique understanding of international reality. The study concludes that examining ontological dimensions opens the door to critical approaches that transcend linear explanations, inviting a rethinking of both theoretical foundations and practical applications within the field of international relations.Item Open Access رقمنة المرافق العامة: تحديات وأفاق الإدارة المحلية نمو ذجا- -(جامعة المسيلة, 2025) سيفي مخلوف -This study aims to analyze the issue of digitalization of public utilities in Algeria, focusing on local administration as a practical model, by reviewing the challenges facing this digital transformation and the future prospects it opens. The study begins by establishing a comprehensive theoretical framework for digitalization in public utilities, defining it along with its forms and characteristics, and distinguishing between traditional and electronic utilities. It then proceeds to explain the importance, objectives, and requirements for activating digitalization in accordance with public utility principles. The study also reviews the reality of digitalization applications in Algeria across vital sectors such as the Ministry of Post, Telecommunications, and Information Technology, the Ministry of National Education and Higher Education, and other sectors, analyzing the stages of digital transformation and the challenges hindering its progress. In the second part, the study focuses on local administration, defining its conceptual framework, functions, and components, and addressing the methods of applying digitalization at its various levels (Wilaya and Municipality). The study concludes with an in-depth analysis of the advantages of applying digitalization in local administration, in terms of improving efficiency and transparency. Conversely, it identifies the main obstacles facing this transformation, whether technical, human, organizational, or financial, highlighting the necessity of developing comprehensive strategies to address them, thereby ensuring the achievement of a modern, efficient, and transparent public administration amidst current challenges and promising prospects for digital transformation.Item Open Access الاسترا تيجية الجز ا ئرية لمواجهة التهديدات الصحية القادمة من منطقة الساحل الإفريقي(جامعة المسيلة, 2025) علاء الدين لصفرIn an era where geographical boundaries no longer constitute barriers to the proliferation of health threats, and where the COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated that neglecting health security may impose substantial costs upon nations across all dimensions, Algeria confronts a critical strategic challenge manifested in addressing a complex array of health threats emanating from the African Sahel region. This "arc of crises" represents a volatile zone characterized by a critical convergence of geographical, climatic, demographic, social, economic, political, and security factors, generating a perfect storm of diverse health threats encompassing lethal infectious diseases, devastating environmental hazards, and consequences of mass displacement and armed conflicts. The significance of examining this strategy derives both from its scientific contribution in providing comprehensive analysis of Algeria's integrated multi-instrument approach, and its practical utility in furnishing policymakers with an assessment of national strategy performance and effectiveness, while identifying strengths and vulnerabilities within the health security framework. The study originated from a central problematic questioning the effectiveness of Algeria's strategy for confronting health threats emanating from the Sahel region during the period 2013-2025, predicated upon a general hypothesis suggesting that Algeria's strategy demonstrates increasing commitment to enhancing health security through developing multiple instruments, though its overall effectiveness encounters challenges related to coordination, adaptation, and resource sustainability. Secondary hypotheses focus on the diversity and severity of health threats from the Sahel, Algeria's development of a graduated multi-instrument strategy, and the strategy's demonstrated effectiveness in constructing institutional frameworks while confronting challenges in integrated and sustainable operational implementation. Recognizing the gravity of these challenges, particularly following lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic that highlighted the substantial costs of overlooking health threats, Algeria has developed since 2013 a proactive, graduated, and multi-instrument health security strategy. This approach commenced with adopting International Health Regulations and the National Prevention Plan in 2013, followed by establishing the Multi-Sectoral Committee in 2015, developing cross-border health surveillance services during 2016-2024, culminating in the establishment of the National Health Security Agency in 2020. The evaluative study for the period 2013-2025, which relied upon the Joint External Evaluation (JEE 2022) and World Health Organization reports, concluded that this strategy may be characterized as "relatively effective." Algeria succeeded in constructing a robust legal and institutional framework with clear political will and considerable capabilities. However, qualitative analysis revealed disparities between ambitious legal and regulatory texts and actual operational implementation, indicating gaps in coordination, adaptation, and resource sustainability that may permit limited outbreaks or delays in optimal response. This necessitates developing an integrated national strategy for border health security, updating and digitalizing surveillance systems, enhancing capabilities at entry points and resources in the south, activating multi-sectoral coordination, and revitalizing health diplomacy and regional and international cooperation. The analysis emphasizes that health security represents a continuous process of construction and adaptation requiring strong political commitment, long-term investment, and comprehensive strategic vision.Item Open Access الحركات الانفصالية في جنوب السودان 2025 2005(جامعة المسيلة, 2025) بلخير بوجمعةThe problem of the south was the reason for many of the political and economic crises in Sudan, and it was behind the social tension and the division of the political forces, and the floundering of the domestic and foreign policy in the state. In addition, this problem caused the fall of the first and second military regime, as well as the second and third democratic regimes that the country had witnessed. Some of researchers describe the problem of the south as a regional problem whose consequences extend to the all of the Arab world and African continent as well. Furthermore, there were many attempts to resolve the crisis in south ern Sudan, andthe successive Sudanese governments used different methods to deal with this crisis, such as the solution of using military forces to integrate the north with southern Sudan and the political solution that recognizes the differences between the two parties and grants autonomy to the south.The Naivasha agreement in 2005 was the best of those attempts because it was the one which stopped the war and laid the groundwork for the sharing of power and wealth and gave the people of the south the right after six years to vote over the fate of the South for the separation or unity with the north, and the people of the south have chosen the separation. Yet things will not stop at this poin because this separation will have many implications for the two parties. 87Item Open Access الوحدة اليمنية التحديات والسيناريوهات المحتملة(جامعة المسيلة, 2025) منصور عبدربة بن جذنان